noun

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A hard external covering of an animal.

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The hard calcareous covering of a bird egg.

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One of the outer layers of skin of an onion.

example

The restaurant served caramelized onion shells.

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The hard external covering of various plant seed forms.

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The accreted mineral formed around a hollow geode.

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The casing of a self-contained single-unit artillery projectile.

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A hollow, usually spherical or cylindrical projectile fired from a siege mortar or a smoothbore cannon. It contains an explosive substance designed to be ignited by a fuse or by percussion at the target site so that it will burst and scattered at high velocity its contents and fragments. Formerly called a bomb.

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The cartridge of a breechloading firearm; a load; a bullet; a round.

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Any slight hollow structure; a framework, or exterior structure, regarded as not complete or filled in, as the shell of a house.

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A garment, usually worn by women, such as a shirt, blouse, or top, with short sleeves or no sleeves, that often fastens in the rear.

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A coarse or flimsy coffin; a thin interior coffin enclosed within a more substantial one.

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A string instrument, as a lyre, whose acoustical chamber is formed like a shell.

example

The first lyre may have been made by drawing strings over the underside of a tortoise shell.

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The body of a drum; the often wooden, often cylindrical acoustic chamber, with or without rims added for tuning and for attaching the drum head.

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An engraved copper roller used in print works.

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The thin coating of copper on an electrotype.

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The watertight outer covering of the hull of a vessel, often made with planking or metal plating.

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(rigging) The outer frame or case of a block within which the sheaves revolve.

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A light boat whose frame is covered with thin wood, impermeable fabric, or water-proofed paper; a racing shell or dragon boat.

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A set of atomic orbitals that have the same principal quantum number.

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The outward form independent of what is inside.

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The empty outward form of someone or something.

example

The setback left him a mere shell; he was never the same again.

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An emaciated person.

example

He's lost so much weight from illness; he's a shell of his former self.

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A psychological barrier to social interaction.

example

Even after months of therapy he's still in his shell.

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An operating system software user interface, whose primary purpose is to launch other programs and control their interactions; the user's command interpreter. Shell is a way to separate the internal complexity of the implementation of the command from the user. The internals can change while the user experience/interface remains the same.

example

The name "Bash" is an acronym which stands for "Bourne-again shell", itself a pun on the name of the "Bourne shell", an earlier Unix shell designed by Stephen Bourne, and the Christian concept of being "born again".

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A legal entity that has no operations.

example

A shell corporation was formed to acquire the old factory.

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A concave rough cast-iron tool in which a convex lens is ground to shape.

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A gouge bit or shell bit.

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The onset and coda of a syllable.

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A person's ear.

example

Can I have a quick word in your shell?

synonyms

verb

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To remove the outer covering or shell of something.

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To bombard, to fire projectiles at, especially with artillery.

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To disburse or give up money, to pay. (Often used with out).

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To fall off, as a shell, crust, etc.

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To cast the shell, or exterior covering; to fall out of the pod or husk.

example

Nuts shell in falling.

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To switch to a shell or command line.

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To form shallow, irregular cracks (in a coating).

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To form a shelling.

Examples of shell in a Sentence

Shell fish are unimportant.

Each shell contains a single ovum and a mass of yolk-cells.

Shell covered by mantle, or absent; anterior tentacles form a frontal veil; mantle contains spicules.

The shell fisheries are less important than those of Maine.

Shell spirally coiled; head broad, without prominent tentacles; foot short, operculated; marine.

Shell largely chitinous, not spiral, its calcareous apex projecting through a small hole in the mantle.

The outer surfaces of the mantle secrete' the shell, which is of the nature of a cuticle impregnated by calcareous salts.

As in the case of the Lamellibranchiata, the shell of the adult is not a direct derivative of the youngest shell of the larva.

The body of the Brachiopod v usually occupies about the posterior half of the space within the shell.

Shell internal, or absent; mantle restricted to the anterior and middle part of the body; radula with squarish teeth.

Shell turriculated, with numerous.

Shell elongated, with a more or less.

Either before or just after turning, the mantle develops a larval shell termed the protegulum, and when this is completed the larva is termed the Phylembryo.

The protegulum has been found in members of almost all the families of Brachiopod, and it is thought to occur throughout the group. It resembles the shell of the Cambrian .4 genus Iphidea [Paterina], and the Phylembryo is frequently referred to as the Paterina stage.

Beecher's division of the Brachiopoda into four orders is based largely on the character of the aperture through which the stalk or pedicle leaves the shell.

The pedicle passes out at right angles to the plane of junction of the valves of the shell; the opening is confined to the ventral valve, and may take the form of a slit, or may be closed by the development of a special plate called the listrium, or by a pseudo-deltidium.

A thin sheet of magnetic matter magnetized normally to its surface in such a manner that the magnetization at any place is inversely proportional to the thickness h of the sheet at that place is called a magnetic shell; the constant product hI is the strength of the shell and is generally denoted by 4, or 4.

The potential at any point due to a magnetic shell is the product of its strength into the solid angle w subtended by its edge at the given point, or V = Fu.

For a given strength, therefore, the potential depends solely upon the boundary of the shell, and the potential outside a closed shell is everywhere zero.

The action of a hollow magnetized shell on a point inside it is always opposed to that of the external magnetizing force, 6 the resultant interior field being therefore weaker than the field outside.

The coxal glands of the Arachnida are structures of the same nature as the green glands of the higher Crustacea and the so-called " shell glands " of the Entomostraca.

The genital ducts of Arthropoda are, like the green glands, shell glands and coxal glands, to be regarded as coelomoducts (gonocoels).

Besides the ordinary shell money, there is a sort of stone coinage, consisting of huge calcite or limestone discs or wheels from 6 in.

One can imagine the interest and astonishment with which the great Greek would have been filled had some unduly precocious disciple shown to him the red-blood-system of the marine terrestrial Annelids; the red blood of Planorbis, of Apus cancriformis, and of the Mediterranean razor shell, Solen legumen.

Within the enclosure of the Khalifa's house is the tomb of Hubert Howard, son of the 9th earl of Carlisle, who was killed in the house at the capture of the city by a splinter of a shell fired at the Mandi's tomb.

An experiment was devised by Lord Kelvin for demonstrating this, in which the difference of steadiness was shown of a copper shell filled with liquid and spun gyroscopically, according as the shell was slightly oblate or prolate.

The uterus (X in figure C) begins in all cases at the shell gland (c, d) and may exhibit a swelling (R S) for the retention of the spermatozoa..

The shell is thick, and operculate in some forms; thin, and provided with filaments, in others; in the latter cases it may contain only a few yolk-granules suspended in an albumen-like substance.

There are several varieties in cultivation, varying in the degree of hardihood, time of ripening, thickness of shell, size and other particulars.

Dobbo, on a small western island, is the chief place; its resident population is reinforced annually, at the time of the west monsoon, by traders from that quarter, who deal in the tripang, pearl shell, tortoise-shell, and other produce of the islands.

Here the two elements, ovum and yolk-cells, are surrounded by a shell of operculate or of spindle-capped types.

The fertilized ova, provided with yolk and a shell, are next transferred to the "uterus" along which they travel to the exterior.

The eggs are stalked and provided with chitinoid often operculate shell.

Two eggs are produced at a time, each measuring about three-fourths of an inch in its long and half an inch in its short axis, and enclosed in a strong, flexible, white shell.

Both are highly valued for the sake of the shell, which has always been a favorite material for ladies combs and hairpins.

In ordinary circumstances, a casting thus obtained took the form of a shell wrthout any break of continuity.

The plumage of gorgeously-hued birds, the blossoms of flowers (especially the hydrangea), the folds of thick brocade, microscopic diapers and arabesques, are built up with tiny fragments of iridescent shell, in combination with silver-foil, goldlacquer and colored bone, the whole producing a rich and sparkling effect.

In fine specimens the workmanship is extraordinarily minute, and every fragment of metal, shell, ivory or bone, used to construct the decorative scheme, is imbedded firmly in its place.

Sometimes he is said to live in a shell, by throwing off which from time to time he increases the world; or in an egg, which at last he breaks in pieces; the pieces are the islands.

Snakes are oviparous; they deposit from ten to eighty eggs of an ellipsoid shape, covered with a soft leathery shell, in places where they are exposed to and hatched by moist heat.

As the egg passes at last through the alarmingly distended neck, the snake makes some slight contortions and the swelling collapses, the shell having been filed through by the saw-like apparatus.

The thinnest possible spherical shell of metal, such as a sphere of insulator coated with gold-leaf, behaves as a conductor for static charge just as if it were a sphere of solid metal.

The fact that there is no electric force in the interior of such a closed electrified shell is one of the most certainly ascertained facts in the science of electrostatics, and it enables us to demonstrate at once that particles of electricity attract and repel each other with a force which is inversely as the square of their distance.

Let us then suppose a spherical shell 0 to be electrified.

It is a fundamental theorem in attractions that a thin spherical shell of matter which attracts according to the potential law of the inverse square acts on all external points as of a if it were concentrated at its centre.

The potential of such a shell at any internal point is constant, and the equi-potential surfaces for external space are ellipsoids confocal with the ellipsoidal shell.

Let R 1 be the radius of the inner sphere, R2 the inside radius of the outer sphere, and R2 the outside radius of the outer spherical shell.

Thus if Q is the surface density, S the thickness of the shell at any point, and p the assumed volume density of the matter of the shell, we have v =Abp. Then the quantity of electricity on any element of surface dS is A times the mass of the corresponding element of the shell; and if Q is the whole quantity of electricity on the ellipsoid, Q =A times the whole mass of the shell.

Then this produces a charge - Q on the inside of the enclosing spherical shell, and a concentric charge +Q on the outside of the shell.

If the outer shell is connected to the earth, the charge +Q on it disappears, and we have the capacity C of the inner sphere given by C= I /R 1 - I /R2=(R2 - R1) R1R2 (II).

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